The toxic principles are tetranortriterpene neurotoxins and unidentified resins. The berries are the most toxic part of the tree. The leaves, bark, and flowers are only mildly toxic and usually cause no problem Plate 7.
Squill took at Zytoon area, east of [9]. There are no adequately documented human Gaza city [28] poisonings, and clinical descriptions are derived primarily from animal reports [13]. Pigs and Toxicity may occur after the consumption of more than 0. Poultry and cattle can be as Castor Bean belonging to Euphorbiaceous poisoned, but larger amounts are required.
The poisonous principle is a phytotoxin Children have been poisoned by eating the called ricin. The plant is commonly planted not berries [9]. This tree is cultivated widely as only as an ornamental but also in vegetable ornamental plants in the Gaza strip roadsides. Plate 9. Datura innoxia took at west Gaza city [28] Toxic, hallucinogenic, and medicinal effects caused by Datura species are due to Tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine.
These principles are used in medicine when taken in small doses while they are harmful in large quantities causing hallucination, spasms and have certain fatal dose.
These alkaloids are found in all parts of the plant, in root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The e three major alkaloids found in Datura species Atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are working in the same mechanism by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine at nerve synapses so they are classified as anticholinergic drugs.
Atropine is a neurotoxin disrupts the workings of the nervous system. It is highly poisonous and used in Plate Datura stramonium has taken at medicine as a muscle relaxant. Scopolamine is a Gaza beach in west Gaza city [28] viscous liquid used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness Datura stramonium L is an invasive wild plant and recovery from anaesthesia.
Hyoscyamine Hyo is belonging to the Solanaceae family, is broadly used in medicine under several brand names but distributed and easily available. It contains a also as a broad compound. It is used to control variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as symptoms associated with disorders of the atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. It has gastrointestinal tract. It works by decreasing the been used for treating several ailments such as motion of the stomach, intestines and the ulcers, wounds, inflammation and rheumatism.
The seed is smoked to achieve hallucinogenic experiences. Datura stramonium is toxic when Datura innoxia belongs to the family Solanaceae, consumed wrongly. Datura plant generates a which is known for its importance as a source of characteristic odour that acts as a repellent for drugs in medicine and pharmacology.
It is also various insects and pests. It has been reported itemized as one of the poisonous house plants. All parts of Datura stramonium have blooms, species such as Datura innoxia and toxic effects which resulted from the tropane Datura stramonium are cultivated as ornamental alkaloids.
Each part varies in the concentrations plants [18]. Toxicity resulted in the vision, photophobia, dry mouth and mucous dry mouth with dysphagia gia and dysphonia, membranes, extreme thirst, nausea and vomiting tachycardia, and urinary retention.
Elevation of [19]. Mydriasis, blurred vision, excitement and delirium, headache, and confusion may be observed [13].
It has been reported to have both toxic and medicinal properties. It is known by the common name tree tobacco, a fast-growing growing shrub or small tree, native to Argentine [4]. It has been naturalized in the Mediterranean area, including Palestine and the Gaza strip. The high toxicity of tree tobacco is due to its primary alkaloid anabasine content which acts as an agonist at peripheral nicotinic receptors. Anabasine produces a nicotinicnicotinic- cholinergic syndrome drome with muscle weakness and Plate Golden henbane taken at Ancient autonomic instability as the main index, it is Gaza square [28] reported a rare case of human poisoning by ingestion of boiled leaves of Nicotiana glauca complicated by abrupt acute respiratory failure Anabasine momentarily stimulatstimulates after that depresses the CNS.
Stimulation of Genus Hyoscyamus is well-known known for the concerned ganglia and the adrenal medulla production of anticholinergic tropane alkaloids, combined with the discharge of catecholamines which constitute one of the largest groups of from sympathetic nerve endings and chromaffin pharmaceutically and economically important tissues of different organs are assumed to be plant secondary metabolites. These are responsible for the cardiovascular scular signs [22].
Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus aureus L is chamaephyte ephyte plant belonging to Solanaceaen, it is known as golden henbane, it is a plant grows on the Cliffs and old walls, it is distributed in several habitats in Palestine, including the Mediterranean Woodlands. All parts of the plant are poisonous. The leavesves are one source of the drug hyoscyamine [19].
It is a rich source of tropane alkaloids, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are widely used for their mydriatic, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, analgesic and sedative properties [21]. Hyoscyamine and d scopolamine, commercially important anesthetic and antispasmodic drugs, are the two most important Solanaceae alkaloids Plate Tree tobacco took at west Gaza strip produced in roots and then translocated to the [28] aerial parts of the plant where they accumulate in the cell vacuoles at high levels.
Both th compounds Solanum genus is one where Small unripe fruits of S. Most glycoalkaloids concentrate mainly in the liver species of Solanum are poisonous to both [24]. Solanum villosum nigrum is due to alkaloid solanine causing varying degrees of poisoning in humans, cattle, S. The effects of solanine steroids, tannins, phenols and reducing sugars. However, when ripe, the berries are the least toxic part of the plant and are sometimes eaten without ill effects.
Similarly, the solanine increases in the leaves as the plant matures [24]. The occurrence of the steroidal alkaloid solasodine and solasodine-like alkaloids in most species belonging to the genus Solanum has reported having toxicity and medicinal effects of these plants [23]. Plate Solanum elaeagnifolium Solanum elaeagnifolium belongs to the Solanaceae family, commonly called silver- leaf Plate To achieve the objectives of the study, 37 women from the east of Deir El-Balah in Wadi El-Salqah area, replied to a questionnaire to examine their handling of the detergents and whether they are aware of the related risks of the exposure to these chemicals.
In addition to the questionnaire, the researchers observed 45 women while they were cleaning their houses. The first tensor T1 stage is character Kurkar ridges in the Gaza Strip of Palestine more. South West. Earth Science. Geology and Geophysics. Geology and Arabian Journal of Geosciences. Geological structure of the coastal aquifer in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, Palestine more.
The current study introduces the geological subsurface cross-sections in the southern part of the Gaza Strip to show the structure of the aquifer in the area. The crosssections give evidence of four subaquifers of the coastal aquifer in The crosssections give evidence of four subaquifers of the coastal aquifer in the southern part of the Gaza Strip.
These crosssections give the natural reasons for the deterioration of the groundwater in the study area. The results show presence of clay lenses that prevent the replenishment processes of the aquifer of fresh water from the rainfall and returns flow from agricultural activities.
Total Environ. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Cheburkin W. Sediment Reference Standards RS1, 2, 3. Beuth Verlag, Berlin. Haworth J. Holdren D. Armstrong ArticleTitle Factors affecting phosphorus release from intact lake sediment cores Environ.
Isaac B. Shalan F. Qumseh M. Ewaiwi A. Halayka Y. Katoosh Palestinian Environmental Encyclopedia, Vol. Delft The Netherlands Kelderman W. Drossaert Z. Min L. Galione L. Okonkwo A. Water Qual.
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